Jama Masjid

Jama Masjid, Delhi: A Historic Symbol of Faith and Power

 

Overview :Jama Masjid, also known as Masjid-i-Jehan-Numa (meaning "World-Reflecting Mosque"), is one of the largest and most renowned mosques in India. Located in Old Delhi, it was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and built between 1644 and 1656. The mosque was inaugurated by its first Imam, Syed Abdul Ghafoor Shah Bukhari, and has since remained a prominent site of worship and heritage.

Names and Meaning :Originally named Masjid-i-Jehan-Numa by Shah Jahan, the mosque's name highlights its grand design meant to reflect the world. However, over time, people began referring to it as "Jama Masjid," a term used widely across the Islamic world for central or congregational mosques, especially those used for Friday prayers.

Location and Surroundings  :Jama Masjid sits in the heart of Old Delhi (formerly Shahjahanabad), directly facing the Red Fort and near famous areas like Chandni Chowk. The bustling markets and historical lanes around it capture the spirit of Mughal-era Delhi. The tomb of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a freedom fighter, lies close to the mosque.

Construction and Mughal Period  :Shah Jahan began constructing the mosque in 1650 using a diverse team of around 5,000 workers from across India, Persia, Central Asia, and even Europe. The mosque was completed in six years at a cost of about one million rupees. It stood as a central place for prayers, royal announcements, and public life in Shahjahanabad. The Mughal emperor would personally attend Friday prayers and deliver the khutba (sermon), symbolizing his rule and religious authority.

Under British Rule :The British took over Delhi in 1803 but allowed the mosque to continue functioning. However, after the 1857 revolt, which they believed was partly organized through mosques like Jama Masjid, the British seized the mosque and banned its religious use. At one point, it was even used to house soldiers. Due to strong opposition, they returned it to the Muslim community in 1862 under strict regulations.

A committee of respected local Muslims, the Jama Masjid Managing Committee (JMMC), was formed to oversee the mosque’s functioning under British conditions. Despite the end of Mughal patronage, support came from princely states such as Rampur and Hyderabad, helping with repairs and upkeep.

A Center for Resistance and Unity :In the early 20th century, Jama Masjid became a platform for anti-colonial gatherings, including interfaith solidarity meetings. Though the British tried to restrict political activity, the mosque’s religious status protected it. It stood not just as a religious center but as a symbol of resistance and unity during India’s struggle for independence.

Legacy and Importance Today :Today, Jama Masjid continues to function as a vibrant mosque and a major historical landmark in Delhi. Its majestic structure, with red sandstone and white marble domes, draws thousands of visitors and worshippers alike. It remains a symbol of India’s rich cultural heritage, Mughal architecture, and the enduring spirit of faith.